Social Shaping of Technology Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Research by Mackenzie and Wacjaman (1998) argues forcefully against the idea of technological determinism for the proposition that socialism shapes technologies. These researchers argue that technology is more about bureaucracy, social preferences, and economic pressures, and not just science invention. In her example, Cowan (1983 p. 16) argued that technical necessity did not introduce the refrigerator. However, because 1920 General Electric escalated the need for the United States to sell to their consumers 24hr household electric refrigerators to its consumers (MacKenzie & Wajcman 1985 p. 44). Consequently, social shaping approach became more popular within the European Union, and the scholars became more interested. However, other non-technical factors contributed to the domestic technological needs. A study by Crafts et al. (2007 p. 62) shows that there were many changes brought about by the World War I especially in the domestic settings. A good example is the gas lighting used in many homesteads before the war. It is clear that by 1918 after the War most homes were electrified meaning changing from oil and gas lamps to electric lighting system. This change brought about other changes in electric appliances that drastically changed the homemakers’ daily routine. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Shaping of Technology or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Ironing was among the most dreaded duties in the house due to the heavy iron weights and the pre-heating process that was so cumbersome. The introduction of the electric iron simplified the work. According to Cowan (1983 p. 21), they were cheap and user friendly, and by 1929 many homes especially in the urban areas owned iron boxes. In addition, the introduction of the washing machines became equally prevalent among the middle and the upper class. Edge (1988 p. 56) says that during the War, majority of the men joined the war fields leaving their families behind. This situation meant that the women joined the industries to work, and having less time for domestic duties. Research shows that some of these men never sent funds back home, and instead they entertained themselves through alcohol and prostitution. This means that the women had to do both the industrial and the domestic job. This pressure saw then embrace technologies like washing machines to enable them to balance between the industry and the domestic work (Delap 2011 p. 44). This process of laundry required being on the standby to add soap and stop the machine when necessary, however, it saved any upcoming issues regarding whose time it was to do the laundry.

Racial Discrimination The Act Of Making Or Perceiving A...

Merriam-Webster defines discrimination as, â€Å"the act of making or perceiving a difference† (Discrimination, 2017.) Does your skin color impact the quality of your work or the fortitude your resolve? It may seem that the answer to that question is quite clear, nonetheless, 32,309 cases of race/color discrimination were reported in fascial year 2016 (EEOC, 2017.) Prejudice and discrimination are often mistaken for one another, however, prejudice is the negative attitude toward a category of people and discrimination is the action fueled by that negative attitude (Schaefer, 2015) According to the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), discrimination may come in the form of harassment, denial of opportunities, or†¦show more content†¦Brown v. Board of Education addressed the fact that equality can never coexist with separation. In 1954, the supreme court stated that, â€Å"separate but equal† was unconstitutional and prohibited the s egregation of school (Brown, 2017.) The root of this decision did not focus on the inequalities of the facilities, rather, that discrimination was initiated when children were separated and grouped into classrooms based on their color. Workplace Racial discrimination continues to devastate the workforce; fiscal year 2016 sought over $79 million in monetary benefits pertaining to racial/color discrimination (EEOC.) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), an act that was created to prohibit employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Title VII also prevents the employer from retaliating against an employee who has filed a discrimination complaint.Show MoreRelatedEvery Day People In The World Deal With Racism And Discrimination,1608 Words   |  7 Pagesand discrimination, whether it is in the workplace, at a college campus, or on a school s playground. People need to be informed on how it affects others, and how we could possibly stop discrimination all around. Children, teens, and even adults should not have to deal with such a matter of disrespect towards their race. This behavior is not how the United States should present themselves. According to Merriam-Webster, the definition of discrimination is the act of making or perceiving a differenceRead MoreAmerican Racial Stereotyping Hampered Chinese Immigrants Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Racial Stereotyping Hampered Chinese Immigrants from Being Part of the Mainstream Society With the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, the first federal law was enacted restricting immigrants of a specific nationality from entering the United States due to Americans attributing dire economic uncertainty to Chinese laborers who take away jobs from native-born Americans. Anti-Chinese sentiments greatly proliferated throughout the United States during the late 19th century and earlyRead MoreThe Common Health Inequalities Of New Zealand Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst unwilling to act, however in the end they understood that adding and seizing the nation could ensure the protection of MÄ ori, control British subjects and secure business opportunities. Health Inequality Health inequality defines as â€Å"changes which are preventable and unnecessary, but is also considered as unfair and unjust†. Health disparities between Maoris and non-Maoris have been apparent for all of New Zealand’s colonial history. Some of the reasons for these differences includes a difficultRead MoreThe Importance of Positive Cultural Identity Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesmulticultural person by first forming a positive cultural identity. Manning and Baruth (2009, p.24) defines culture as â€Å"people’s values, languages, religions, ideals, artistic expressions, patterns of social and interpersonal relationships and ways of perceiving, behaving and thinking.† However, in this paper, cultural identity also relate to race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, social class and all that defines the self. Hence to have a positive cultural identity (PCI), one must be able to identifyRead MoreFeminism, By Teresa De Lauretis1304 Words   |  6 Page stogether to protect their rights as equal human beings. For such a long time, men have dominated over women, looking down upon them and perceiving them as lesser beings. Feminism has allowed women from all cultures and races, to come together to fight for their rights. However, nothing is ever as simple as one may hope. Feminism constitutes women from all over the world, making it difficult from time to time to understand and empathize with each other due to different cultures, races and religions. TeresaRead MoreRacism s Impact On Our Society1625 Words   |  7 Pagesnortheast United States. Kiese Laymon looks at the experiences of black and brown people in America to highlight the effects of racism in their everyday lives. While Kiese Laymon is showing us that throughout his life he has experienced discrimination and racial profiling, these terrible experiences have helped him develop extraordinarily strong bonds with others who experience the same thing. Throughout this article Laymon stresses the presence and role of racism in our society, how shared experiencesRead MoreMethods of Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination2228 Words   |  9 PagesEthnocentrism is an example of positive prejudice towards one’s in-group. Discrimination can be defined as the negative or positive behaviours towards individuals based on their group association. Discrimination may be obvious or subtle, either way both can be damaging. Although discrimination and prejudice often go hand in hand, there is a difference between the two. Prejudice is just the negative or positive view of others, whereas discrimination is putting prejudice into action. An example of prejudice wouldRead MoreFeminism And Its Impact On Society1763 Words   |  8 PagesAs a white female, I have experienced very little discrimination in my lifetime thus far because of my racial orientation. But, it has become very evident in our society today that many people do not live in the same state of mind, o r living situation that I do. A sense of superiority plays a big role in the act of defining individuals, or rather perceiving another life to amount of lesser value than yours. A numerous amount of other individuals have been victimized for what they had no control overRead MoreThe Butler From The Weinstein Film Company Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesDirector Lee Daniels’ movie, The Butler (2013), from the Weinstein film Company, is a historical film that portrays discrimination towards African Americans from early to mid 20th century America. Daniels displays within his film, the white governing society that subjugated African Americans in the United states, and how they were able to overcome this injustice. As the film progresses, it is perceived that many of the older African American generation were content with their current position withinRead MoreChief Sources of Bias in the Selection of Employees Essay2285 Words   |  10 Pagesmarket environment. To bias against someone is to exert a preference or an inclination that inhibits impartial judgement. This often stems from a prejudice. Perceptual selectivity operates when we are perceiving other people. It can lead to a stereotyping in decision making and ultimately a biased view point of potential employees. However, people are less likely to use stereotypes when they are motivated to avoid using them. This essay will discuss the source of stereotypes

Business Quality and Market Performance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Quality and Market Performance. Answer: Introduction: This is the report that focuses on the company called Samsaras marketing plan. As the company has launched the new aluminium suitcase in the Australian market thus it is required to implement some of the market strategies in order to make the people aware about the products and the brand along with achieving the saes target (Peter Donnelly, 2011). The report focuses on the marketing objectives of the company. The discussion follows with the explanation of the market segment and the target market that needs to be targeted for the products sale. Strategies of marketing on context to 4Ps have also been discussed. As far as the marketing objectives of the company are considered, the company needs to focus on 3 objectives: Sales target: The sales target of the company is to achieve the break-even point in 6 months of the products launch. The sales should be of around $2 million in 6 months. It is very much required by the company to achieve this sales target so that it can attain the BEP within 6 months (Hollensen, 2015). Brand awareness: It is required by the company to develop brand awareness among the customers. This is because if the company wants the products to be sold, it is required to make the people aware about the existence of the brand in the market. This requires the company to develop promotional and branding strategies so that more and more people get attracted towards the brand over the competitors (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker Brennan, 2012). Customer retention and satisfaction: It is very important to satisfy and retain the customers so that they can make repeated purchase with the company and also advertise about the company by word of mouth. The product like suitcase is the thing that needs to be durable as it is not purchased by the customers again and again (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). This, it is required to provide the customers with great services at once so that if they buy again the same products, they will prefer the same brand as before. Segmentation can be defined as the process of dividing the market into different segments according to the characteristics of the customers (Ernst, Hoyer Rbsaamen, 2010). There should be homogeneity in the market segments. Segmentation is done so that group of different customers can be made and the company can make the strategies according to the nature of the market segments. As far as the above products are considered, there can be segments that are made as per the age of the customers, gender of the customers and the occupation of the customers. Aluminium suitcases are generally used by the people of age between 18-50 years of age. As the product has been designed in various sizes and looks thus it can be used by women as well as men so another segment is because of the gender. The last segment is regarding the usability of the customers (Bughin, Doogan Vetvik, 2010). It has been analysed that the people who are in the jobs that require travelling. As the product is very much s trong with its material thus it can easily be used by the frequent travellers. Target customers are those customers or the segment of the customers that needs to be targeted by the company in order to make the sell the products. The target market is the market for which the company has to make the strategies so that the market can be attracted towards the products and the brand. In this case the target market for the company is men who do travelling jobs of the age 25-45 years (Kahn, Barczak, Nicholas, Ledwith Perks, 2012). This is the most relevant target market according to the products that has been launched; this is because the frequent travellers require buying the suitcase that is durable and easy to carry along with great strength. They also need to buy the suitcase again and again and thus it is required to target them as well as to retain them at the same time. Positioning refers to the value that has been associated with the products or how the products are being observed by the customers. As far as the above products are considered, it has been analysed that the products needs to be durable and string. Thus, the company also has to portray the image of the products as strong and durable. The positioning statement that has been used by the company in order to make such image will be explore the world with durability and strength. This suggests that the products help the customers in exploring the world without any issues as it is so durable and string that it will support them all throughout (Durmu?o?lu Barczak, 2011). Marketing strategies are those strategies of the company that are implemented in order to achieve the market objectives. As per the above objectives, Samsara also has to implement some of the marketing strategies in context with the four Ps so that it can achieve the set objectives in the given time (Cui, Zhao Ravichandran, 2011). The strategies that are discussed below need to be practiced by the company for 6 months after the launch of the products. Product is the actual tangible thing that needs to be offered to the market. Products are divided into different divisions. The product needs to be positioned or offered to the customers with different strategies at different levels. Core product: The core products are the suitcase that fulfils the basis need of taking luggage and stuff from one place to another. It is the suitcase that can be taken for long journey and is strong enough to take large amount of stuff. Actual product: as far as the actual product range of the suitcase is cindered, it has many features. Samsaras products are the ideal answer for introduction cases, deals packs, special cases, conveying cases, and delivering cases. Samsaras aluminium cases are accessible in an extensive variety of stock sizes and are monetarily valued for use as attach cases or corporate training cases with tweaked insides (Zhang, Hu Kotabe, 2011). Augmented products: the company provides guarantee of a year to the products and the servicing is also free for a year. Any kind of small breakage can be repaired by the company itself without any charges. It has been analysed that the augmented benefits attached with the products make it more attractive for the customers. The company also have some exchange schemes some of the time in which the customers can exchange their old Samsara products with the new ones under some conditions. Pricing is the element that is also very important and need to be strategized by the company in order to enter the new market. There are many pricing strategies that are available for the companies to use and enter the market: Premium pricing: It is the ricing that deals with selling the products at very high prices as compared to the market. This strategy can be used only when the company has to target the customers with high class background and the company wants to position its products as the premium product (Yan, 2010). Penetration pricing strategy: It is the strategy that is one of the most feasible strategies to enter the new market and to penetrate in the market. In this case the company has to set the prices as per the market situations. Economy pricing: it is the pricing strategy that deals with selling the products in low prices as compared to the customers. This is only for the price sensitive customers (Yan Pei, 2011). Skimming prices: It is the pricing strategy that helps in entering the market at premium price so as to make the image and lowering the prices as the competitors release their competitive products. As per the products in this case, it has been analysed that skimming pricing is the strategy that can be used by the company so as to enter the market as the premium products and lowering the prices as the other competitors release their aluminium suitcases. This also helps the company to earn high profits in less time. Placement is the element that deals with the location or the place by which the company can serve the customers. It has been analysed that in the above case, the company has to choose different places so as to serve the customers in the market and to increase the availability of the products (Nagle, Hogan Zale, 2016). The company can use tow of the strategies so as to serve the customers. One of the places is the exclusive store of the brand and the distributors of the suitcases and other one is by the canopies at different places and events where most of the population gathered so as to enhance the brand awareness. Different promotional strategies can be used by the company: Advertising: It is one of the most effective techniques to promote the products. TV, radio and print media are some of the examples that can be used to advertise the products (Cravens Piercy, 2006). Direct selling: it is also one of the strategies to reach the customers directly and make them aware about the brand. Online marketing: there are different online mediums such as shopping sites and online social networking sites that can support the market activities and campaigns of the company. The company sell their products online and also post some of the ads to the social networking sites in order to get the reviews of the people (Nagle, Hogan Zale, 2016). Market analysis: It is the first action that needs to be introduced. The market needs to analyse to make the strategies accordingly. Development of strategies: it is the action that is required to be conducted in order to make the strategies for the target market (Giri Sharma, 2014). Implementation of the plan and the strategies: there are several actions or the activities that needs to be conducted in order to achieve the marketing objectives of the company. Some of them are: Activities 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month 5th month 6th month Development of strategies Advertising the products on TV and radio along with providing ads on print media Running of social media campaign Direct selling at the events Evaluating the marketing activities Making corrections Conclusion: It has been concluded from the report that Samsara has launched an r products that is the aluminium suitcase with various sizes, designs and features. The marketing activities have been practices in order to achieve the marketing objectives of the company in 6months after the launch of the products. The companys objective was to achieve the sales target nada king the rand ware amongst the customers. The company used several product, pricing, placement and promotional strategies in order to achieve those targets. Implementation of marketing action is necessity to be evaluated so that correction can be made and the results of the plan can be analysed. References: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Bughin, J., Doogan, J., Vetvik, O. J. (2010). A new way to measure word-of-mouth marketing.McKinsey Quarterly,2, 113-116. Cravens, D. W., Piercy, N. (2006).Strategic marketing(Vol. 7). New York: McGraw-Hill. Cui, A. S., Zhao, M., Ravichandran, T. (2011). Market uncertainty and dynamic new product launch strategies: a system dynamics model.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,58(3), 530-550. Durmu?o?lu, S. S., Barczak, G. (2011). The use of information technology tools in new product development phases: Analysis of effects on new product innovativeness, quality, and market performance.Industrial Marketing Management,40(2), 321-330. Ernst, H., Hoyer, W. D., Rbsaamen, C. (2010). Sales, marketing, and research-and-development cooperation across new product development stages: implications for success.Journal of Marketing,74(5), 80-92. Giri, B. C., Sharma, S. (2014). Manufacturer's pricing strategy in a two-level supply chain with competing retailers and advertising cost dependent demand.Economic Modelling,38, 102-111. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kahn, K. B., Barczak, G., Nicholas, J., Ledwith, A., Perks, H. (2012). An examination of new product development best practice.Journal of product innovation management,29(2), 180-192. Nagle, T. T., Hogan, J., Zale, J. (2016).The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: New International Edition. Routledge. Nagle, T. T., Hogan, J., Zale, J. (2016).The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: New International Edition. Routledge. Peter, J. P., Donnelly, J. H. (2011).Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Plano: Business pub., INC. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Yan, R. (2010). Cooperative advertising, pricing strategy and firm performance in the e-marketing age.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,38(4), 510-519. Yan, R., Pei, Z. (2011). Information asymmetry, pricing strategy and firm's performance in the retailer-multi-channel manufacturer supply chain.Journal of Business Research,64(4), 377-384. Zhang, D., Hu, P., Kotabe, M. (2011). Marketingindustrial design integration in new product development: The case of China.Journal of Product Innovation Management,28(3), 360-373.

Marketing and Nescafe free essay sample

Nescafes Global Strategy Nescafe has build a strong brand equity through the use of aggressive marketing strategies globally. Each country/regions Nescafe forms its own strategy to effectively target its audience and generate sales accordingly for the profitability and growth of the company. It is for this reason that some variants are designed and marketed to cater to the needs of that particular segment of the market. It has been noted that Nescafe as a brand is in a intermediary phase from being an exclusive utilitarian comsuption product when it used to be just an instant coffee to becoming more of a product with hedonic consumption when it started to create and sell different blends in different markets. Each variant has its own specific feature and personality to add value to the brand under the same name. The company aims at providing products to consumers wherever, whenever and however is required. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Nescafe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nescafe focuses on the coffee tradition and its historical value. Nescafes global brand personality can be sincere, down-to-earth, warm and honest and excitement related to friendly, youth and energy however it can be just one of the two mentioned above or a mix of both depending upon the target market and the variation. Target Market, Promotion Strategies and Media Nescafe has different target market for its different variants. In the UK, the target market is young adult consumers aged between 20-35 of middle and upper class who have lived with consumption soft drinks and energy drinks like redbull. To capture that market, Nescafe along with its advertising agency decided on building consumer trust and develop work showing lenghts that Nescafe users will go to stay away from other substitute goods. A 360 degree campaign was designed which was launched with a TVC, billboards, radio ads, posters, magazines, news paper and many other medias. In India, with its different variants, is leveraging to vast consumer base and cateting to all segments of the market. The market has been divided on the basis of geographic regions like North, South, East and West, psychographics and demographics. The strategy however has been to focus on values and low-key market penetration using 360 degree promotion campaign. The Greek market was consuming the traditional Greek Coffee which was served in a tiny cup and with a glass of cold water intended to be drunk first. Nescafe captured this opportunity to grab the market share by introducing its Nescafe Frappe in the Greek Market that change habit of the Greek coffee drinkers. It has been heavily marketed to the target audience aged between 17-30 using clever visuals to show a trendy world of partying and dancing including a stylish living for the younger generation. Butler, 1988) With a deal with MTV to launch a style campaign for the new generation of consumers aged between 16-24 years old, Nescafe has decided to relaunch the brand with a $30 Million global campaign. Nescafe has been working on targeting its market through the use of interactive youth oriented websites Nescafe Live where consumer will exchange ideas and information re garding images and videos aimed at 16-24 years old consumers of the global market. In Australia, the marketing mix is aimed at targeting diverse market segments of all age groups. For the young adult cafe culture segment, they offer their range of latte with a sponsoring campaigns like Nescafe Short Film Awards amp; Win the Nescafe Latte Lounge of which teaser and TVCs were created. Also, a website was created for information regarding products, competitions and events. Marketing Communication Agencies Nescafes lead global agencies are McCann Erickson amp; Publicis Mojo while also have MindShare as their global media amp; creative Agency (Jain, 2007). These global agencies have either affliations with local agencies in different countries or have their own subsidaries. Thus, the affliated agencies or the subsidaries become the local agencies of their clients and work with their global partner to create a universal image, perception and equity of the brand. Like the local agency in Sweden for Nescafe is Storakers McCann which is affliated with McCann Erikson while in Pakistan its Orient McErikson. In France, it is Publicis Conseil which has affliation with Publicis Mojo. Importance of Advertising for Nescafe Advertising for Nescafe is important to create positive feeling and attitude of consumers towards the brand which will eventually lead to purchase. Advertising plays a vital part in communicating a competitive advantage and to make consumers feel that the product suits their requirements and has the same personality as theirs. Due to factors like culture and differences in attitudes and behaviors in each country/region that has its own beverage used as stimulant or energizers. Like in some regions its tree and in others its green tea or coffee. Thus, to capture the non-coffee drinking markets, it is essential to aggresively advertise the energizing and stimulating effects of coffee. The red color of the mug is used to emphasize the energy of the drink while red suits to project that state of mind. Nescafe has a very diversified base of consumers belonging to different personalities which have different cultures and tradition and coffee just might not be a part of any of it. It is through advertising that they can create value for customers. For the same reason, Nescafe with the help of local agencies creates offerings based on consumers attitudes, personalities, and behavior and the culture and tradition of that country/region while keeping a broader global brand image, conviction and positioning. If Nescafe just had a global agency responsible for creating and designing products and brands and market them to the global market at large, it would fail to effectively communicate with the customers or to create a competitive advantage in the markets due to the diversified consumer base as needs, attitudes, culture, behaviours and many other factors of consumers choice and preference differ from region to region and coutnry to country. Thus, a balance has to be maintained between the local market perspective and the global outlook as well for the uccess of the brand and company(Amanda, n. d. ). Recommendation To be able to capture and grab the market share of different markets, Nescafe should be associated with the current agencies in order to create offerings using both global and local perspective. However, their promotional strategy should not completely be diverted towards the coffee drinkers of future and should carry out activities for the adults and old-age consumers as wel l.

Free Essays on Catfish and Mandala

The book â€Å"Catfish and Mandala† by Andrew Pham relates a lot to include stories and situations throughout my childhood that I can relate toand young adult life. PhamHe vividly explains vividly his life in America along with his travels back to the homeland. Through his journey to Vietnam, Pham discovers himself and hisexplains to us his life, which in some cases is similar to the identity, issues regarding educational expectations, and cultural conflict in America here in America for me. Reading the book I see Pham and the situations he is put in, also seeing myself, but the only difference is the way he and I handle the scenarios given at hand. Through the essay you will see how our lives are similar but yet different. Pham travels to Vietname to search for his roots in hopes to construct his identity.For Pham in the search of his identity he flies to Vietnam to ride his bike, and also to find his roots. As he first gets off the airplane he is already is immediately receiving dirty aware of others who looklooksat him disdainfully because he is a â€Å"viet-kieu† which means foreign Vietnamese. Then as he is at the baggage claim While retrieving his luggage, to his amazement he sees the workers tear up his bike which had been stuck in the claim belt. That hit a soft spot in him because that bike had been through so much with Pham. From then on his impressions of Vietnamese people were bad, He developed a negative impression of Vietnamese people and he automatically thought of them as a lower class persons than Americans human than he was. Pham in order to go back to his roots needs to humble himself as a true Vietnamese. Then he will understand his identity and appreciate his culture. Growing up Korean in white America was different. As a child I was sometimes embarressedembarrassed to be Korean. I wanted to be white because then I knew I would have been more accepted by the majority population.n’t have as tough... Free Essays on Catfish and Mandala Free Essays on Catfish and Mandala The book â€Å"Catfish and Mandala† by Andrew Pham relates a lot to include stories and situations throughout my childhood that I can relate toand young adult life. PhamHe vividly explains vividly his life in America along with his travels back to the homeland. Through his journey to Vietnam, Pham discovers himself and hisexplains to us his life, which in some cases is similar to the identity, issues regarding educational expectations, and cultural conflict in America here in America for me. Reading the book I see Pham and the situations he is put in, also seeing myself, but the only difference is the way he and I handle the scenarios given at hand. Through the essay you will see how our lives are similar but yet different. Pham travels to Vietname to search for his roots in hopes to construct his identity.For Pham in the search of his identity he flies to Vietnam to ride his bike, and also to find his roots. As he first gets off the airplane he is already is immediately receiving dirty aware of others who looklooksat him disdainfully because he is a â€Å"viet-kieu† which means foreign Vietnamese. Then as he is at the baggage claim While retrieving his luggage, to his amazement he sees the workers tear up his bike which had been stuck in the claim belt. That hit a soft spot in him because that bike had been through so much with Pham. From then on his impressions of Vietnamese people were bad, He developed a negative impression of Vietnamese people and he automatically thought of them as a lower class persons than Americans human than he was. Pham in order to go back to his roots needs to humble himself as a true Vietnamese. Then he will understand his identity and appreciate his culture. Growing up Korean in white America was different. As a child I was sometimes embarressedembarrassed to be Korean. I wanted to be white because then I knew I would have been more accepted by the majority population.n’t have as tough...

Schindlers Ark essays

Schindlers Ark essays Task - A study of the character of Oskar Schindler to show that despite major obstacles and difficulties in his quest for justice for the Jews, he finally achieved his goal, at great personal cost to his own life. The story of Oskar Schindler and his legacy began on April 28th 1908 in the Austrian city of Zwittau. In 1918, when Oskar was 10, his family moved to the Czechoslovak republic of Masaryk and Benei. He immediately became best friend with his neighbours children, who were Jews and their father was the local rabbi. His family was also one of the richest in the area and Oskar was often showered in items of luxury. In 1935 the Schindler family business was failing and Oskar's father Herr Hans Schindler left his wife and Oskar's mother Frau Louisa Schindler, and moved to his own apartment. Oskar detested this. He would go into cafes and make speeches on his fathers treachery to his mother, who in Oskars eyes did not deserve this treatment, as she was a good woman who had done nothing wrong. 1939, The beginning of World War 2, and Oskar joins the Nazi Party. The opportunities that the war brings are what may have attracted Oskar to join the Nazi party. Oskar Schindler quickly got on good terms with the local Gestapo chiefs and rejoiced here over life in the beginning of the 1940s. He was a womanizer and heavy drinker, but continually risked his life to save his Jewish workers from the Nazi Death camps such as Plasw and the now infamous Auschwitz is Poland. Schindler was recruited by the German Intelligence Agency to collect information about Poles and was highly esteemed for his efforts - a fact that was to play a decisive role later in the war for Schindler, when he needed all his contacts. Amon Goeth, who passed his mornings by using his high-powered, scoped rifle to shoot at children playing in the camp, often would use it as an incentive for them to work harder. For example, some young men hauling coal ...

The Changing Roles Of Women In The Mafia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Changing Roles Of Women In The Mafia - Essay Example The study will focus on analysing information from authorities that are known for their efforts and track-record in researching into the Sicilian Mafia and Organised crime groups. In doing this, the research will focus on contemporary research works and field works that have been done by conducting various primary studies and research work like interviews and other things meant to inquire into the way research is done into the Sicilian model of the mafia and its processes. The research will also seek to inquire into specialised sources and works of authors who have in-depth experience and knowledge in studying women and the Mafia. This will include an insight into numerous works by persons who have spent the most part of the past 20 years studying and researching into the works of the Mafia and their evolutions over the period at hand. This report makes a conclusion that women in the Mafia were traditionally seen as the bedrock for the keeping together and transmission of the amoral familial traits of organized crime families and clans in Sicily. However, the past 20 years has seen a lot of changes and modifications in the way things are done in the Mafia and in societies. This include the fact that the Mafioso is more interested in cashing in on the opportunity to make money through smuggling and owning businesses in order to participate in money laundering. This is opposed to the old system where the Mafia took part in violent activities and violent crimes and offences in order to raise money and remain rich.

Abandoned Friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abandoned Friendship - Essay Example I told him to be strong and remain contented with what little you have. In essence I gave him the shoulder to sob upon. Then he told me the unfortunate mission behind our going to the mall. He told me we were there to steal a few things which were important for him at that stage of his life. I was shocked to hear that and could not believe how I could be a part of such an activity. I told him this was amazing and I could have never thought of doing anything like that. He told me to help him otherwise he would stop calling me as a friend. My morals did not allow me to do such a thing. He forced me by hand to go to the mall and help him steal some stuff for him. I shrugged off completely and quickly. I made my way to my place without even looking backwards. That was the day this friendship came to an end. I was utterly shocked by his aggressiveness and I cannot believe, to this day, how I could have befriended such a human

Explain the Influence of Management Style on the Nature of the Employment Relationship Essay Example for Free

Explain the Influence of Management Style on the Nature of the Employment Relationship Essay It always a great deal for management to perform effectively in an organization, it is because they are the ones that are always look into by the people within the company. With the policies and guidelines that they give for the employees in order for them to achieve their goal effectively is the main reflection on the management style they implement and want to follow in the company. That is why in order for a company to succeed, management is always one of the main key, because it provides a better deal on addressing the main issue of relationship as well as policies. What is important for the management is that, no matter what and how they provide their management style in an organization, it should have positive output for both its people and also the stakeholders. Or always find a way to â€Å"strike the balance† between the two, because if people in the organization will not be given the right attention, it will be hard for company to survive, since these people are called as the â€Å"front liners† and the reflection of these performance will surely be reflected on the service they provide for the customer. On the other hand for the stakeholders, they maybe people that do not want to know more about how people or staff deals with their work, but more focus on the stability of the company, or simply â€Å"bottom line†. But, in order to achieve this there should be leader that must stand in front which will lead all these into reality. They say that a good leader is a good coach as well as moderator; these people are some of the very few people that knows how to encourage and provide hope for people and convert them to be an asset in the company and instead of a threat. Because there are other managers who thinks of efficient and effective people as threat, threat because they can overthrown the manager, because some managers are not that highly motivated and do not want to challenge themselves, that is why most companies development or progress are hardly achieve by these â€Å"power tripping: managers who would not want to see potential leaders to be what they deserve they can be, and inte4ad they be given challenge, they are either being ignored or left behind. For most effective managers or leaders who really provide great influence in an organization, they see company as business, not finance. This is the problem with some appointed managers or managers that are just being assigned without really understanding the position well. Actually managers are not financial comptroller, where the latter works more on how to control expenses but look into prioritizing how to increase sales and revenues. Managers forget the fact that they must lead and not always focus on the financials, because if they focus on the financials they should not be manager anymore, instead they should be working in the accounting or finance department. Another is that, managers are in the company to provide action and not just lesson. They must also provide community action, an action that would really help the company to go to its greatest potential and always dwell on how to prioritizing the important activities that needs to be done. For being an action man or woman in the company, it is also easy to find respect from the organization, since there is always hard work shown, and all of these provides great influence and eventually will result to success in the employment relationship within the organization. (Heller, R, 2007, pars. 4 and 9). Employee relations and theoretical interpretation In employment relation to employment relation, there are different types of theory that is applied in an organization. These are: (1) Unitary Theory, (2) Pluralist Theory, System, (4) Marxist, (5) Feminist, (6) Comparative, and (7) Postmodernism. For unitary theory, it is the existence of a single policy or authority that is being practice within the organization. This type of management theory is known in the very early years, where leaders form their own rule in the basis of what they think is right and people are mostly not given the rights to contradict or over rule the policy or guideline that was implemented. Classical Pluralism, is however is considered as the form of management is greatly influence by an electorate political group or any group that holds power over the society. Their main power is strengthen by the ideology that come from the community or societal group and this form of management style is well supported since it is perceived as for the good of many and not just from the group. System theory focuses is focusing on the inter-disciplinary representation of field science, which is complex nature of science, nature and science are the main basic on this theory. This also means that in every decision there is always a scientific explanation which needs to be followed or adhered. For Marxist theory, its philosophy mainly focuses on the diverse theory that Karl Marx which is mainly in the light of communism, this theory mainly involves such diverse fields like, aesthetics, ethics, ontology, epistemology and the philosophy of science as well. This is made popularize in the early strict and communistic era in Russia. On the theory about Feminism, it also provides a wide variety of discipline which mainly focuses on the common ideology of women’s role in politics, and these include: anthropology, sociology, economics, women as well as gender studies. This form of management looks after on the main concern of the greater women in the community which can be effectively being applied in the form of management within the organization. Lastly, for the theory about Postmodernism, which only shows that most of the people here are great fun of opportunities, like on and off the job training, like in the case of a project that will be eventually be started since the government has allocated some ideas in the organization. These theories have provided different impact in the organization since every theory is applied appropriately in the companies. It also provides a clear guideline as to how people can be managed effectively. Like take for instance a company that lies on the service that they provide, for example a company of systems development, which has given the authority to let users to participate in forming and firming the management standards and practices that the company must used. For the last two theories for management practices, comparative and post-modernism, for the first theory, Cooperative theory, this form of management, shows big importance to the greater majority of the people and these is brought out by the well collaborative effort shown from the employee and the management as well. This also shows that management must play big attention in their respective stores in a typical â€Å"look and feel† of the organization. (Hollinshead, Nicholls, and Tailby, 2003, pp. 9-41). The Importance of Collective Bargaining in an Organization For some companies accepting the presence of a Union is not that well accepted, because for some management it is just a source of employees of pushing other request that might even defeat the main vision or mission of the company. In fact the main objective of it is to provide a better deal of the needs of the staffs and not just raising some wants, which may lead to negative result. Companies or staffs must not always look into having an agreement that focuses not only for employee compensation or benefits but it should also focus on some other concerns like safety and help provision. This is because most industry, most especially manufacturing companies, automatically has a union and it provides a clear directive on what the policy that must be followed and this process must be strictly be send and follow up users. Collective bargaining has it own process which helps the management and the employees union to follow for better understanding of its agreement. In Ireland, this process is formed in a way that corresponds also to the company guidelines which is important to have it more appreciative and well respected by the stakeholder. (How Has Collective Bargaining Happen in Ireland, 2007).

Gold Strike, Relating To Cry, :: essays research papers

â€Å"Gold mining union plans one-day Free State strike† An article dated March 17, 2000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NUM, or South Africa’s National Union of Mineworkers, is organizing a one-day strike at Free State gold mines. They are protesting the poverty and job losses from the mines. NUM is the country’s biggest mining union with 50,000 members, and on March 22 the strike would affect five gold companies; AngloGold Ltd., Gold Fields Ltd., Harmony Gold Co., Avgold and African Rainbow Minerals. NUM spokesman Ikaneng Matlala didn’t say, however, how many members of the union would participate on the strike, but did say â€Å"All the gold mines in the Free State gold fields are going to embark on a strike.† The protest is against the gold mines because of the huge job losses in the last fifteen years. In 1987, gold, being the backbone of the economy, employed 530,000 miners. After the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa’s economy was open to foreign competition, and the gold industry had to be restructured. The gold price has been decreasing as well, and today only 200,000 miners are employed. This current event relates to Alan Paton’s, Cry, the Beloved Country, because mining supported Johannesburg, and references were made to the mining industry throughout the book. Many characters voiced their opinion that it was the black men that economically supported the white men in South Africa, and they were diseased and injured by it. That they worked for cheap, were exposed to dangers, and then when they needed medical attention the non-European hospitals were less than inadequate. John Kumalo gave speeches on strikes against the gold mines. Gold was found in a new area, Odenaalrust, and the white men wanted to change the name because it was too hard to pronounce.

Prisons and Jails Essay

Almost all nations and cultures have made laws to protect their citizens. From the early years and over the decades these laws have been kept in force to prevent the societies from experiencing situations of anarchy. Different punishment has been provided for in different countries to prevent its people from adopting a path and practice of criminal activities. The world of today is characterized by the presence of criminals who are brought to book and punished in a variety of ways depending on the culture and values of any country or society. Prisoners have been locked up in prisons and meted out with terms that include punishment by way of a rigorous regimen of hard labor while undergoing the term as also milder ones that may include a stint in reformatory homes. Historically punishments have ranged from corporal punishment to death penalty, Several countries have for long been awarding the death penalty for committing heinous crimes that were executed in several forms that included, hanging, guillotine, by firing squad, lynching and now electric chair. The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi is the oldest record available to ascertain that a egal system existed to award punishment in the Middle East. Western countries were influenced by and followed the laws enacted in ancient Rome whereby each city had a court that worked under the Law of Twelve Tables so as to protect citizens and to make the rulers and governments effective. The Justinian Code is considered to be the most logical and effective legal system that was most effective in ancient times whereby punishment was meted out by the process of Law. In due course people began to realize the value of a legal system that protected citizens and each country began to appoint heriffs to deal with punishments and the justice system became a major part of society although they were never fool proof and were always characterized by shortcomings that put a question mark on the efficiency of the judiciary. In ancient times the justice and reform system was often misused when criminals were hung on crosses, sometimes tortured to death or placed in dungeons to die. Those citizens who protested were also treated as criminals and tortured or put behind bars. It was during this time, in the 19th century and mainly in the Roman Empire that civil justice was effectively implemented nd more prisons were built to punish criminals humanely. This soon had effect on the rest of the world and with the emergence of the modern world more prisons were built and departments set up to manage them effectively. With the widespread maturing of the legal system over the decades, more and more criminals were brought to book and the law abiding citizens heaved a sigh of relief especially during the time of the Queen of Britain at the turn of the 19th century. Under the new system the criminal was given an opportunity to prove himself innocent and the overnment had to prove a person to be guilty of crime within the prevailing provisions of law, before he could be sentenced to a term of punishment and imprisonment. Although capital punishment continued to prevail but it was awarded in the rarest of rare cases. Over the years with the influence of Human Rights Organizations and Civil Rights Movements, the trend has set in to rather reform the wrong doers than to award extreme penalties by giving sentenced criminals opportunities to amend themselves and to come back within the mainstream of society. Under the system convicts are put on probation or parole under the watchful eyes of probation officers appointed by courts to ensure that such people remain disciplined and strictly follow the code of conduct as outlined by the court. The view of punishment taken by society has changed dramatically over the years. Initially punishment comprised of physical torture, maiming, death by burning, hard labor, deprivation of food adequate clothing and shelter, but attitudes of the society have changed now and the belief is to punish by way of imprisonment of varying periods epending on the severity of the crime. Imprisonment today is considered punishment for one’s wrong doings, which is also consistent with the society’s objective of keeping such people aloof until they are reformed to lead a normal life within society. To insist that a person is sent to prison so that he is punished is wrong in today’s context since after he completes his term he has the justification to return to his old ways. Hence prison authorities today have a duty to fulfill by way of reforming the convict during his term so as to transform him into a more responsible citizen. It is for this reason that in most countries modern society is characterized by a prison and punishment system that strongly believes that the most effective form of punishment is to deprive the convict of his freedom until he is reformed. In this context the composition and diversity of prison population in America has been examined and found that presently over two million people are in American prisons. This does indicate that modern society has now been characterized by a pattern, which clearly indicates that the government is duty bound to ensure freedom to criminals once their 4 rison terms are over and that they gel back into society with a tag of respect and positive aspirations. The changing attitudes and trends have seen a constant inflow of inmates in the Federal, State and local prisons. The Federal government held a majority of 63% of the inmates while local municipal and county jails held 30%, and the remaining being accounted for in other prisons.. Most states have been experiencing a 5% increase in the number of inmates over the last three years. Private prisons held about 86626 prisoners which accounts for about 7% of the inmates in American prison. A private prison is a place in which convicts are physically detained by a private organization for profit at the instance of the legal authorities. These companies enter into an agreement with the federal government to take care of and reform and motivate prisoners and claim from them a fixed fee amount per prisoner. There are about 264 private prisons/correctional facilities in the United States that take care of about 110000 offenders. The concept of private prisons was floated to reduce government expenses in the long run, but the scheme has not worked effectively due to private sector neffectiveness with convicts, and having realized this the federal government is not encouraging further addition to their numbers. The number of private prisons is now set to decline gradually. Rates of imprisonment have greatly increased due to increase in the rate of criminal offences, which is considered a consequence of the fast track development that is taking place in the modern world. More delinquencies resulting from human inadequacies to tolerate inequalities have resulted in people taking the course first towards minor crimes and then graduating to bigger ones and then ultimately falling into legal traps that lead to their conviction and further imprisonment. In America imprisonment is the most common sentence in legislation for serious offences in terms of dealing with criminal activities, which explains the high number of prisoners in jails. Only effective and well targeted correction measures and programs can reduce criminal offending and over time there is good reason to target investment in preventive approaches for the betterment of those undergoing prison sentences. As discussed earlier, in the modern world the biggest punishment for a criminal is to urtail his freedom for the duration of his sentence and during this time it is the duty of the jail administration to make him undergo a rigorous regimen of correction and transformation into a more responsible and law abiding citizen. The American government has an arrangement in place whereby all jail administrators are to undergo a training program to specialize in dealing with and reforming convicts and to encourage them in displaying their creativity and interests so that when their prison term is over they can lead the life style that is in keeping with that of a responsible and respectable citizen. The American judicial and correction system is such that it is considered to be one of the most liberal in terms of providing guarantees of human rights and opportunities for misguided people to reform themselves. There are several government sponsored programs that provide for opportunities for such people to reestablish themselves for a better means of livelihood. The punishment part for their wrong doings gets over the moment they finish with the duration of their prison sentence and after that they can look forward to a happier life free of the stigma that attaches to a person of such background.

Solventless Claisen-Schmidt Condensation of Benzaldehydes

Backgrounds and Theory (A)Introduction of aldol condensation In an aldol condensation reaction, the ? -carbon of an aldehyde or ketone molecule reacts with another carbonyl carbon to form a ? -hydroxyl aldehyde or ? -hydroxyl ketone, followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone if an ? -H is present. It is a very useful reaction for the synthesis of ? ,? -unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The aldehyde or ketone molecule is first converted to enol or enolate by acid or base catalyst respectively. In this experiment, the base-catalyzed method is used and the ? proton of the aldehyde or ketone molecule is removed by a strong base like hydroxides and alkoxides to form an enolate ion: Although hydroxide ion is not strong enough to convert all of the aldehyde or keton molecules to the corresponding enolates for both aldehydes and ketones (i. e. the equilibrium lies well to the left), there are usually enough enolate ions for the reaction to proceed at a reasonable rate. The enolate ion will then react with the carbonyl compound to form an intermediate anion, which is quickly protonated by water. When the ? hydroxyl aldehyde or ? -hydroxyl ketone is formed, it will be sometimes spontaneously dehydrated to give an ? ,? -unsaturated carbonyl compound since a C=C bond can be formed by this process and it is very stable due to the conjugation with the carbonyl group. Therefore if the dehydration is not spontaneous, it can also be easily induced by gentle heating. However, self condensation will occur, especially if both of the reactants are ketones, and a mixture of products will be formed. This is mainly due to the similar electrophilicity of the reactants.For example, when 3-pentanone is reacted with cyclopentanone: A mixture of products will be formed as both the reactants can become enolate ion and react with itself or another reactant. Also, more kinds of products will be formed after dehydration as different kinds of ? -proton is available. If the reactants are unsymmetrical, the reaction will become more regioselective. For example, if 2-methylpentan-3-one is reacted with reacted with cyclopentanone: The upper one will be the major product since ? -proton is available for the formation of conjugated double bond by dehydration.The extra stability of the product shifts the equilibrium to its side. (B)Claisen-Schmidt Condensation – a Branch of Aldol Condensation Clasisen-Schmidt condensation is a branch of aldol condensation which eliminates most of the regioselectivity problems. In the reaction, an aromatic aldehyde is condensed with a ketone to form an ? ,? -unsaturated ketone. For example: Since an extra alkyl group (EDG) is present in ketone, it is less electrophilic than the aldehyde. Therefore only the ? -carbon of the ketone will attack the aldehyde, but not the other way round.Also, there will not be any self condensation as only aldehyde will be attacked. The dehydration process of the above reaction is also regioselective as there is only one kind of ? -proton present in the compound. Therefore only one kind of product will be formed. In this experiment, the Clasisen-Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and p-methylacetophenone will be studied. (C)Traditional Method vs Solventless Method (Green Chemistry) Organic reactions usually require organic solvents as to provide a medium for the interactions of reactants and to moderate the temperature and reaction rate.Nevertheless, the use of organic solvent needs a significant cost on materials required and also increases the burden to chemical waste treatment and the environment. Green Chemistry is therefore developed in order to reduce material consumption and increase the efficiency of chemical production by minimizing the use of solvents. The Claisen-Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone would have a very high atom economy (> 92%) with the reaction solvent eliminated. In this experiment, the efficiencies of the traditional and solventless methods will be compared.

The Media and Terrorism

The Media and Terrorism The question of relations between the media and terrorism is rather controversial because of the phenomena’s interdependence. It is possible to state that the power of terrorism can be enhanced by the media because the media resources are used as the tools for terroristic organizations, but the media cannot cause terrorism directly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Media and Terrorism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Terroristic organizations are inclined to use the media in order to realize the definite purposes and complete the organization’s goals, but the activities of the free media cannot provoke the development of terrorism without references to terroristic organizations (Terrorism and the media, 2008). The media can stimulate the power of terrorism because the principle of freedom followed by the media resources depends on spreading any type of information, and terrorist organizations rely on spreading their messages in order to affect the public and cause the people’s fear (Camphuijsen Vissers, 2010). As a result, the impact of terroristic organizations and their activities increase, however, the media in their nature cannot cause terrorism because of the differences in goals and purposes. The purposes and goals of terroristic organizations are to scare the public and achieve the certain social and political goals, and the completion of these goals is complicated without the usage of the mass media because of the necessity to persuade the public (Martin, n.d.). Thus, the modern products of the active relations between the mass media and terrorism which contribute to increasing the power of terroristic organizations are anonymous terrorism, the focus on violent terrorist attacks, and the terroristic attacks against media institutions to make them follow the terrorist instructions (Perl, 1997). Terrorists use the media to draw the public’s attention to the problem and receive the necessary resonance within the society. In spite of the fact that the media are closely associated with the development of terrorism and with stimulating the power of terroristic organizations, the media can also influence the public’s opinion in order to form the specific viewpoint and position against terrorism. From this perspective, it is important to control the usage of the media by terroristic organizations and to provide the required policies. References Camphuijsen, M., Vissers, E. (2010). Terrorism and the mass media: A symbiotic relationship? Web.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Martin, J. (n.d.). The media’s role in international terrorism. Web. Perl, R. (1997). Terrorism, the media, and the government: perspectives, trends, and options for policymakers. Web. Terrorism and the media. (2008). Web.

All About Serializing in Visual Basic

All About Serializing in Visual Basic Serialization is the process of converting an object into a linear sequence of bytes called a byte stream. Deserialization just reverses the process. But why would you want to convert an object into a byte stream? The main reason is so you can move the object around. Consider the possibilities. Since everything is an object in .NET, you can serialize anything and save it to a file. So you could serialize pictures, data files, the current state of a program module (state is like a snapshot of your program at a point in time so you could temporarily suspend execution and start again later) ... whatever you need to do. You can also store these objects on disk in files, send them over the web, pass them to a different program, keep a backup copy for safety or security. The possibilities are quite literally endless. Thats why serialization is such a key process in .NET and Visual Basic. Below is a section on custom serialization by implementing the ISerializable interface and coding a New and a GetObjectData subroutine. As a first example of serialization, lets do one of the easiest programs, but also one of the most useful: serializing data, and then deserializing data in simple class to and from a file. In this example, the data is not only serialized, but the structure of the data is saved too. The structure here is declared in a module to keep things ... well ... structured. Module SerializeParmsSerializable() Public Class ParmExample  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Parm1Name As String Parm1 Name  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Parm1Value As Integer 12345  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Parm2Name As String  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Parm2Value As DecimalEnd ClassEnd Module Then, individual values can be saved to a file like this: Imports System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.BinaryImports System.IOPublic Class Form1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Private Sub mySerialize_Click( _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal sender As System.Object, _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Handles mySerialize.Click  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim ParmData As New ParmExample  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ParmData.Parm2Name Parm2 Name  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ParmData.Parm2Value 54321.12345  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim s As New FileStream(ParmInfo, FileMode.Create)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim f As New BinaryFormatter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  f.Serialize(s, ParmData)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  s.Close()  Ã‚  Ã‚  End SubEnd Class And those same values can be retrieved like this: Imports System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.BinaryImports System.IOPublic Class Form1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Private Sub myDeserialize_Click( _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal sender As System.Object, _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Handles myDeserialize.Click  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim s New FileStream(ParmInfo, FileMode.Open)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim f As New BinaryFormatter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim RestoredParms As New ParmExample  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RestoredParms f.Deserialize(s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  s.Close()  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Console.WriteLine(RestoredParms.Parm1Name)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Console.WriteLine(RestoredParms.Parm1Value)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Console.WriteLine(RestoredParms.Parm2Name)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Console.WriteLine(RestoredParms.Parm2Value)  Ã‚  Ã‚  End SubEnd Class A Structure or a collection (such as an ArrayList) rather than a Class could also be serialized to a file this same way. Now that we have gone over the basic serializing process, lets look at the specific details that are part of the process on the next page. One of the first things you should notice about this example is the Serializable() attribute in the Class. Attributes are just more information that you can provide to VB.NET about an object and theyre used for a lot of different things.  The attribute in this code tells VB.NET to add extra code so that later on, everything in this class can be serialized. If there are specific items in the Class that you dont want to be serialized, you can use the NonSerialized() attribute to exclude them: NonSerialized() Public Parm3Value As String Whatever In the example, notice is that Serialize and Deserialize are methods of the BinaryFormatter object (f in this example). f.Serialize(s, ParmData) This object takes the FileStream object and the object to be serialized as parameters. Well see that VB.NET offers another object that allows the result to be expressed as XML. And one final note, if your object includes other subordinate objects, theyll be serialized too! But since all objects that are serialized must be marked with the Serializable() attribute, all of these child objects must be marked that way too. Just to be completely clear about what is happening in your program, you might want to display the file named ParmData in Notepad to see what serialized data looks like. (If you followed this code, it should be in the bin.Debug folder in your project.) Since this is a binary file, most of the content isnt readable text, but you should be able to see any strings in your serialized file. Well do an XML version next and you might want to compare the two just to be aware of the difference. Serializing to XML instead of a binary file requires very few changes. XML isnt as fast and cant capture some object information, but its far more flexible. XML can be used by just about any other software technology in the world today. If you want to be sure your file structures dont tie you into Microsoft, this is a good option to look into. Microsoft is emphasizing LINQ to XML to create XML data files in their latest technology but many people still prefer this method. The X in XML stands for eXtensible. In our XML example, were going to use one of those extensions of XML, a technology called SOAP. This used to mean Simple Object Access Protocol but now its just a name. (SOAP has been upgraded so much that the original name doesnt fit that well anymore.) The main thing that we have to change in our subroutines is the declation of the serialization formatter. This has to be changed in both the subroutine that serializes the object and the one that deserializes it again. For the default configuration, this involves three changes to your program. First, you have to add a Reference to the project. Right-click the project and select Add Reference .... Make sure ... System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap ... has been added to the project. Then change the two statements in the program that references it. Imports System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.SoapDim f As New SoapFormatter This time, if you check out the same ParmData file in Notepad, youll see that the whole thing is in readable XML text such as ... Parm1Name idref-3Parm1 Name/Parm1NameParm1Value12345/Parm1ValueParm2Name idref-4Parm2 Name/Parm2NameParm2Value54321.12345/Parm2Value There is also a lot of additional XML there thats necessary for the SOAP standard in the file as well. If you want to verify what the NonSerialized() attribute does, you can add a variable with that attribute and look at the file to verify that its not included. The example we just coded only serialized the data, but suppose you need to control how the data is serialized. VB.NET can do that too! To accomplish this, you need to get a little deeper into the concept of serialization. VB.NET has a new object to help out here: SerializationInfo. Although you have the ability to code custom serialization behavior, it comes with a cost of extra coding. The basic extra code is shown below. Remember, this class is used instead of the ParmExample class shown in the earlier example. This isnt a complete example. The purpose is to show you the new code that is needed for custom serialization. Imports System.Runtime.SerializationSerializable() _Public Class CustomSerialization  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implements ISerializable  Ã‚  Ã‚   data to be serialized here  Ã‚  Ã‚   Public SerializedVariable as Type  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Sub New()  Ã‚  Ã‚   default constructor when the class  Ã‚  Ã‚   is created - custom code can be  Ã‚  Ã‚   added here too  Ã‚  Ã‚  End Sub  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Sub New( _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal info As SerializationInfo, _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal context As StreamingContext)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   initialize your program variables from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a serialized data store  Ã‚  Ã‚  End Sub  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Sub GetObjectData( _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal info As SerializationInfo, _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal context As StreamingContext) _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implements ISerializable.GetObjectData  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   update the serialized data store  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from program variables  Ã‚  Ã‚  End SubEnd Class The idea is that now you can (and, in fact, you must) do all of the updating and reading of data in the serialized data store in the New and GetObjectData subroutines. You must also include a generic New constructor (no parameter list) because youre implementing an interface. The class will normally have formal properties and methods coded as well ... Generic PropertyPrivate newPropertyValue As StringPublic Property NewProperty() As String  Ã‚  Ã‚  Get  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Return newPropertyValue  Ã‚  Ã‚  End Get  Ã‚  Ã‚  Set(ByVal value As String)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  newPropertyValue value  Ã‚  Ã‚  End SetEnd Property Generic MethodPublic Sub MyMethod()  Ã‚  Ã‚  method codeEnd Sub The resulting serialized class can create unique values in the file based on the code you supply. For example, a real-estate class might update a the value and address of a house but the class would serialize a calculated market classification as well. The New subroutine will look something like this: Public Sub New( _  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal info As SerializationInfo, _  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal context As StreamingContext)  Ã‚  Ã‚   initialize your program variables from  Ã‚  Ã‚   a serialized data store  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parm1Name info.GetString(a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parm1Value info.GetInt32(b)  Ã‚  Ã‚   New sub continues ... When Deserialize is called on a BinaryFormatter object, this sub is executed and a SerializationInfo object is passed to the New subroutine. New can then do whatever is necessary with the serialized data values. For example ... MsgBox(This is Parm1Value Times Pi: _  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Parm1Value * Math.PI).ToString) The reverse happens when Serialize is called, but the BinaryFormatter object calls GetObjectData instead. Public Sub GetObjectData( _  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal info As SerializationInfo, _  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal context As StreamingContext) _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implements ISerializable.GetObjectData  Ã‚  Ã‚   update the serialized data store  Ã‚  Ã‚   from program variables  Ã‚  Ã‚  If Parm2Name Test Then  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  info.AddValue(a, This is a test.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Else  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  info.AddValue(a, No test this time.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  End If  Ã‚  Ã‚  info.AddValue(b, 2) Notice that the data is added to the serialized file as name/value pairs. A lot of the web pages Ive found in writing this article dont seem to have actual working code. One wonders whether the author actually executed any code before writing the article sometimes.

CRJS472IP5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJS472IP5 - Research Paper Example l in the world containing information about more than 70 million criminals along with over 34 million civil prints (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2010). This paper discusses the reasons as why the integrated automated fingerprint information system works so well and the measures that are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of new and emerging biometric databases. The Integrated automated fingerprint information system features the fundamental practices for fingerprint biometrics including maximizing the quality of a fingerprint scan, ensuring liveness detection to prevent circumvention, measuring system performance and conducting scenario testing. The quality of the fingerprint scan is a vital aspect of the fingerprint biometric system design and is determined by the scanner resolution, scanner measurement area, scanner measurement technology, and the human and environmental factors. High quality fingerprint scans yield large numbers of biometric features. Fingerprint copies may be used in attempts to bypass the biometric system. The Federal bureau of Investigation prevents security bypasses by maintaining liveness detection in the integrated automated fingerprint information system. Liveness detection also referred to as copy protection ensures that copies of authorized user fingerprints are not used in the biometric system. Fingerprint copies include activated latent prints, two-dimensional and three-dimensional copies. The automated fingerprint information system features scanners with a built-in ability to detect latent, two-dimensional and three-dimensional copies. The Integrated automated fingerprint information system architecture complies with the Federal Bureau of Investigation architecture. And also regular reviews are conducted to ensure it complies with standards and guidance. The regular reviews ensure that the integrated automated fingerprint information system works with exceptional performance. The system also features service-oriented

Moraxella catarrhalis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Moraxella catarrhalis - Assignment Example The infection is most common as a nosocomial infection or in children with weakened immune system and immunocompromised adults. Moraxella catarrhalis has a beta-lactamase positive strain that is highly resistance to antibiotic activity. Further, the bacteria has outer membrane surface proteins such as CopB, OMP CD, OMP E, uspA1 and uspA2 that limit the extent to which the normal protective mechanisms of the body and drugs affect the proliferation and existence of the bacteria in the system. The possibility of the bacteria, to cross the placental barrier and cause infections in-utero, has not been established. However, the high prevalence of otitis media caused by the bacteria is suggestive of a close relationship. Morphology: Moraxella catarrhalis is a non-motile single-celled bacterium which is oxidase positive and nonsaccharolytic. It is a gram-negative diplococcic bacterium that is non-sporeforming and catalase positive. It occurs as spherical organisms appearing in pairs or in linear clusters. Staining, sensitivity and treatment: The bacteria is negative on gram stain. The bacteria is not sensitive to common antibiotics that cannot break the beta-lactam ring. The most effective treatment involves fluoroquinolones, second- and third-generation cephalosporins, erythromycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid antibiotics. At risk population, prevention and precaution: Children with weak immune system, pre-existing respiratory conditions and immunocompromised individuals are at high risk. There is no known vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis. However, control measures include personal protective equipment in the hospital setting, such as gloves, face masks and hand washing to prevent contamination. In the hospital setting, the patients should be isolated in special rooms and anybody with weak immune status or children must not come into

Controversy Japanese Internment Camps Research Paper

Controversy Japanese Internment Camps - Research Paper Example were not included in these camps (Joy, p104). The President of United Stated Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war with Japan on December 7, 1941 after the Japan’s attack on the Pearl Harbour. After this declaration situation became worst for the Japanese living in the United Stated and most of them had to go through extremely tough time that they had never thought about. The President allowed the removal of all the Japanese from their homes to the guarded camps established in the interior part of the country. In this way the Japanese living in United States had to pay very heavy cost of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour and getting United States involved in the war (Karen, p183). During this process, over 120,000 Japanese were taken out from their homes in United States and they were forces to leave their houses, work places, businesses and lives they were living in US. They were moved to the camps that were mostly set up in the desert areas with little facilities of life. There was no running water around the camps and the imprisoners were all time surrounded by barbed wires and guards. The establishment of these camps and moving the Japanese descents in these camps was a highly controversial step taken by the government of United States and the action started up heated and prolonged debate about the justification of the action taken by the U.S government. The government of United States put forward their stance that they had the fear of further attacks from Japan on their territory and they see the danger of presence of Japanese descent spying for Japan. They justified the establishment of camps that the step was taken to avoid the possible support provided by the Japanese American to their homeland by providing information to the Japanese or though different assets and cooperation (Nash et al, p92). Despite this justification the experts and people widely opposed the act of United Stated to detain the Japanese American in these camps and the justificatio n given by the U.S. government was also rejected. It was argues from the other side that almost two third of the interned were American citizens and half of the people kept in the camps were children. There were no evidences to prove the involvement of these people in the spying activity neither there were sign of disloyalty for America shown by these people. These camps were also criticised for providing poor living conditions to the detainees. It was reported that the people had problems in getting access to fresh water. The weather was extremely harsh and the environment of the camps was also very hostile and antagonistic. The members of the families were separated from each other and they were kept in different camps from where they found it impossible to contact their family members and reunite with them. Throughout the war there were just ten people found accused to spying for Japan and over 120,000 people were kept in the camps just because of doubt of spying and disloyalty ( Daniels et al, p54). The government of United States clarified that the step was necessary to strengthen the position of America in the war by eliminating the possibilities of spying and internal support to Japan from America but it is widely believe that it was just a cover used to justify the action and in real the step was led by racism and biasness for the Japanese Americans. The detention of Japanese Americans also became matter of

Avoiding the Alignment Trap in Intormation Technology Essay Example for Free

Avoiding the Alignment Trap in Intormation Technology Essay An alarming pattern has surfaced in that many companies are concentrating on alignment and are finding that their performance is either declining or moving sideways. Companies are focusing on the wrong solutions with respect to their Information Technology problems, resulting in severe bottlenecks to growth. Companies need to learn how to break out of the trap and build IT organizations that allow for growth rather than obstruct it. Companies will need to be committed as doing so will require a continuous effort. The essential goal for these companies in order to succeed is to move IT into the upper-right quadrant, where they will be highly effective and highly aligned, and where IT appears to be enabling growth rather than inhibiting it. In order to move in this direction, it is my recommendation that the companies begin by installing local area networks locally, as well as a central database stored on a server to connect to head office. This option is economically feasible, will improve local efficiencies and will allow the sharing of resources and records. I would also recommend that the companies begin feasibility testing to explore the implementation of an internal ERP system to support global operations in the near future. Doing this will help companies to keep up with the competition. Current Situation Companies are getting caught in an â€Å"alignment trap† whereas they are spending large amounts of resources towards being highly aligned and not realizing the importance of being highly effective as well. There are four quadrants within which companies are being categorized with respect to their ability to be effective. They are being measured based on the ineffectiveness as far as completing projects on time and on budget, and the ineffectiveness of alignment to an important business objective. The first of these quadrants is â€Å"alignment trap†. Despite being highly aligned, the companies within this group are less effective in completing budgets on time and within the budget. Charles Schwab Co. is currently in this position and as a result, continues to spend money on projects and seeing no growth. The second quadrant is â€Å"maintenance zone†. Companies in this quadrant are less aligned to major business objectives but are maintaining below average levels of growth even though they are less effective and spending more in IT as a result. In this zone, IT is not performing well, is not valued and is segregated from the company’s main functions. Management is budgeting enough to keep the system running, but IT is not providing any added value to the business. Third is the â€Å"well-oiled IT† quadrant which can be categorized as second best. In this group, companies are highly effective at bringing projects in on time and on budget. They are more focused on execution. Still, companies are less aligned meaning that their IT group does not fully understand the priorities of the business and where to spend the resources. Lastly, the â€Å"IT-enabled growth† quadrant is where all companies would like to be. This quadrant encompasses those companies who are not only highly effective at making IT projects successful, but are also highly aligned in relation to their business objectives. Examples of companies who have succeeded in this respect are Nestle, Wal-Mart, FedEx and Dell. The following are IT-related issues that organizations are currently facing as they attempt to align their business goals with IT technology: Believing that alignment is the solution to their IT problems, companies are spending enormous amounts of money without solving any problems. Various divisions are driving independent initiatives, each one designed to address its own competitive needs, resulting in complexity of IT systems (no standardization). As a result, costs increase and the fragmented divisions make it harder for managers to coordinate across business units. Complexity in systems is making enhancements to systems and improvements to infrastructures more and more difficult to implement and potential benefits are left unused. Redundant applications that perform the same or similar functions. Outsourcing the wrong activities. Data in multiple information systems are viewed as â€Å"garbage† and producing inconsistencies (i.e. salespeople are promoting products that are discontinued) In companies similar to Charles Schwab Co. for example: IT staff response have become slow and expensive; IT engineers are spending more time fixing bugs in the systems than ever before; and several big and ambitious projects are overdue and preventing the company from being competitive. Criteria The following criteria will be used to evaluate each of the alternatives: IT spending must be aligned with the company’s growth strategies (need to reduce IT costs i.e. savings on software licensing costs where bleeding money, and head count). Must be shared ownership and shared governance of IT projects. Need to reduce complexity (or emphasize simplicity). Increase efficiency (doing things in a cost effective way with no duplication of time and effort). Economically feasible. IT infrastructure to support networked operations in multiple locations. Need to centralize and simplify the IT functions. Need high effectiveness to achieve an objective through the use of: 1. simplicity (or reducing complexity) – by implementing companywide standards, replacing legacy systems, building new solutions on simplified and standardized infrastructure; 2. right sourcing – choosing the right source for a capability and maximizing effectiveness while minimizing cost; and 3. accountability – executives should get the information they need to measure the progress of IT and IT people should be held accountable for outcomes. IT needs to be reliable, without excess complexity, and needs to deliver projects consistently with desired functionality, timing and cost. IT systems need to run smoothly and reliably. IT functions such as architecture and infrastructure need to be balanced with respect to the needs of the entire organization and those of individual businesses. Need a good governance structure so as to set parameters to keep an organization on track (i.e. no more than four new technology releases per year).

Americas Communism Scare and the Hollywood Blacklist Essay -- Explora

BLACKLIST - A list of persons who are under suspicion, disfavor, or censure, or who are not to be hired, served, or otherwise accepted. -- http://www.merriam-webster.com/ During the late 1940’s and throughout the 1950’s, there was a great fear of Communism in America and abroad. The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was created in 1938 as a means to investigate and weed out Communists and Communist supporters from American society. Its first major attack was on the Hollywood film industry. Blacklisting of Hollywood writers, actors, producers, directors and others suspected of Communist affiliations began with the committee's hearings in October of 1947, and flourished throughout the 1950s. Senator Joseph McCarthy conducted â€Å"witch hunts† in an attempt to find and eliminate suspected Communists. The Hollywood Ten, a group of distinguished writers and directors, were cited for contempt of Congress and jailed for failing to cooperate with the house committee. As World War Two ended, and the once widely popular and accepted Communist movement began to fade away, Congress started becoming highly concerned with the possibility of a Communist revolt. People in influential positions, such as Senator Joseph McCarthy, believed that such an uprising would begin from within Hollywood, as there were many popular and powerful directors, producers and writers there, who had easy access in reaching people across over America (Cole Hollywood Red). The Senate committee believed strongly that left-wing ideas were a threat to traditional American society and its values. Meanwhile, the FBI was intent on crushing any possible skirmishes before they could start by infiltrating the communist party; dividing the party a... ...h such a basic issue of free speech could be discussed (Rosenfeld A27). WORKS CITED Matwisky, Peter. The Red Scare In Hollywood. Web 23 Apr. 2015. http://www.angelfire.com/ny5/redscare/hollywood.html Bernstein, Walter. Inside Out. New York: Knopf, 1996. Cole, Lester. Hollywood Red: The Autobiography of Lester Cole. Palo Alto, CA: Ramparts Press, 1981. Dick, Bernard F. Radical Innocence: A Critical Study of the Hollywood Ten. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1989. Georgakas, Dan. "Hollywood Blacklist" Web 23 Apr. 2015. http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/blacklist.html McGilligan, Patrick. Tender Comrades: A Backstory of the Hollywood Blacklist. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. Rosenfeld. â€Å"Looking back on the Blacklisted.† The Washington Post. A27. The Front. Dir. Walter Bernstein. Perf. Woody Allen. 1982.

Paper Analysis on the Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay

Wilfred Edward Salter Owen born 8 March 1893, died on 4 November 1918. Were an English soldier and poet (one of the leading poet in World War 1). Wilfred Owen was born at Plas Wilmot, a house in Weston Lane, near Oswestry in Shropshire, on 18 March 1893, of mixed English and Welsh ancestry. He was the eldest of four children, his siblings being Harold, Colin, and Mary Millard Owen. Line By Line Interpretation Lines 1-2 Beggars used to put everything they owned in some sort of sack which would then carry over their shoulder. The soldier, like the beggar is bent over in pain. The solider could also from the gas attack. â€Å"Knock- kneed,† suggest that the soldier is trying to keep his knees together and his feet wide apart as a way to keep him steady so that he can continue to walk. Owen compares to â€Å"old beggars† and â€Å"hags† as a way to say that the soldiers have lost their youthfulness due to fighting in this war. The symptoms listed here is due to a mustard gas attack; the solider experienced blisters, sore eyes, and vomiting. Line 3-8 The solider try to go back to camp to recover from the effects from the mustard gas attack. â€Å"Haunting flares† are the flashes of life that accompany artillery shell. â€Å"Distant rest† can be interpreted in two ways: first, when the soldier reaches camp they would be able rest and recovered from the attacks; the second interpretation could be death. It could take a while for a solider to die from exposure to mustard gas. â€Å"Limped on blood shots furthers the opinion that this was a mustard gas attack, because men would get sores over their bodies from being exposed to this gas. Of course, it’s also possible that they were just hit with artillery fire but in keeping with the context of this poem it makes more sense that this would be an effect of some sort of gassing. â€Å"All blind† was another symptom of the attack; they eyes would become very inflamed and puffed up so that it would make it hard for them to see. â€Å"Five-nines† are the five point nine calibre shells that were fired on the British soldiers in this particular instant. When the shells were fired they made high pitched sound, described by Owen as hooting. Line9-14 This is the part of the poem that describes a chlorine gas attack. â€Å"An ecstasy of fumbling† can be interpreted as the soldier so overwhelmed with being scared and nervousness that they are fumbling with their helmets while they were trying to put them on. The helmets here are referred to as mask gas. There were many varieties of gas mask during WWI; with each new development in gas war fare the helmets had to be adapted to protect the soldier. In the early days of chlorine gas attack, men would put damp cloths over their mouths and noses, which would reduce the effects of the gas on the men. Gas masks were later produced to protect soldiers from this gas. Line 15-16 This section can be read as nightmare. This scene of death haunts the narrator of this poem these men saw death every day and with the introduction war fare one could argue that death took on a whole new significance for them. The drawn out death of men expose to the gases will leave more of an impression of the mind of that of a quick death. More and more men had to be treated for post-traumatic stress disorder due to them not being able to deal with everything that they saw while they were enlisted the solider described here a slowly dying. (Line16) Lists all the actions that a person would do if their air supply was cut-off. Line 17-24 This section of the poem describes a soldier with post-traumatic stress would think. The narrator describes this dream as smothering like he is the one that is suffocating rather than the soldier. There was little that cloud be done for the soldiers once they were expose through this gas and that made that people feel really uneasy. â€Å"Like a devil’s sick of sin† could mean that the soldier was as tired as the devil of the sin that he and others took part in. â€Å"The bloods come gargling from the froth- corrupted lungs† is a very descriptive image that would probably make anyone sick to their stomach if they actually had to see it first-hand. This is an image that would stick with someone for a long time, haunting their memories. It is these kinds of memories that can cause post-traumatic stress disorder. Lines 25-28 Owen is referring to Jessie Pope when he says â€Å"My friend.† He is telling her that is she knew the reality of the war she would not be propagandizing it to young men. Pope prays on the young men’s desire to be glorious heroes without telling them the ramifications of enlisting Significance of the Title The title is significant because e it highlights the horror and reality of war especially on the first war. The war is reflected in the Latin word â€Å"DULCE ET DECORUM EST PRO PATRIA MORI†. This phrase can be translated as it is sweet and rite to die for your country. Owen states as an â€Å"Old Lie† and he illustrates this in the poem. His illustration of the reality war is that an incident of exhausted soldier studded through the mud of the soldiers. They are leaved the front line in order to rest for a few days in a safer place. However the group is attacked by mustard gas. One soldier was last in putting his mask. Owen describes the symptoms shown by7 the man as the poison slowly kills him. Tone of the Poem The tone of the poem is harsh due to the diction. â€Å"Coughing like hags†, â€Å"Curse through sludge† Poetic Devices â€Å"Bent double† is an example of an hyperbole it conveys the feeling of exhaustion felt by the soldiers, were carrying heavy packs and being sleepless in the trenches. Metaphor: â€Å"Drunk with fatigue† the feeling the soldier were having due to mustard gas effect Alliteration: â€Å"Knock-kneed coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge.† create and impression of panic an urgencies. Simile: â€Å"Like a man in fire or lime† to express the burning and blistering of the pain caused by the mustard when it came into contact with their skin. Rhyme: â€Å"Sacks –backs, sludge- trudge, boots-hoots†